Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Mobility in Older Adults
In older adults, regular high-flavonoid cocoa intake improved oxidative stress, inflammation, physical performance, and quality-of-life measures.
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Structure in Type 2 Diabetes and Heart Failure
This clinical study reported improved skeletal-muscle mitochondrial structure and increased markers of mitochondrial biogenesis after epicatechin-rich cocoa in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure.
Oxidative Stress Regulation in Skeletal Muscle Under Clinical Metabolic Strain
In patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes, (-)-epicatechin-rich cocoa modulated oxidative-stress regulators in skeletal muscle, supporting an effect on redox biology in clinically relevant tissue.