Postprandial Fat Oxidation and Epicatechin
This human study assessed short-term metabolic effects of an oral (-)-epicatechin supplement after meals, reporting changes in postprandial fat and carbohydrate handling in normal and overweight participants.
Fatigue Resistance, Oxidative Capacity, and Muscle Energy
This animal study found that (-)-epicatechin improved fatigue resistance and oxidative capacity in mouse muscle, supporting a mitochondrial or oxidative-metabolism effect in skeletal muscle.
Cognitive Recovery, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Restoration in Gulf War Illness
This study examined a Gulf War illness model and reported neurological restorative effects with (-)-epicatechin treatment, extending the literature into neurobehavioral and neuroinflammatory contexts.
Neuroinflammation, Tau Pathology, and Brain Aging
In aged mice, (-)-epicatechin reduced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and tau hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus, while also improving several behavioral and inflammatory measures.
Neurogenesis, Short-Term Memory, and Nitric Oxide Signaling
This mouse study compared (-)-epicatechin with its stereoisomer (+)-epicatechin for effects on frontal-cortex-dependent short-term working memory and neurogenesis-related markers. Both compounds increased markers linked to neuronal proliferation, capillary density, nitric-oxide signaling, and memory performance, with (+)-epicatechin generally showing stronger effects.