Peer-Reviewed Papers
Explore published research on mitochondrial function, cellular energy, (-)-epicatechin, vascular biology, and related metabolic pathways. Browse by specialization below to quickly find the papers most relevant to your interests.
Featured Papers
Improving Cardiovascular Risk in Postmenopausal Women with (−)-Epicatechin
Nájera et al., 2024 · Journal of Clinical Medicine
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled proof-of-concept trial evaluating cardiovascular risk–related measures in postmenopausal women using an (−)-epicatechin–enriched cacao supplement.
Antifibrotic Effects of (−)-Epicatechin in High-Glucose–Stimulated Cardiac Fibroblasts
Garate-Carrillo et al., 2021 · Journal of Medicinal Food
Cell-based mechanistic study examining how (−)-epicatechin modulates profibrotic signaling under high-glucose conditions, focusing on GPER and TGF-β1/SMAD pathways.
Modulation of Chronic Renal Damage Markers by (−)-Epicatechin in a 5/6 Nephrectomy Model
Montes-Rivera et al., 2019 · Heliyon
Preclinical study in a progressive chronic kidney disease model assessing the effects of (−)-epicatechin on biomarkers associated with renal injury progression.
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Effects of Cacao Flavonoids in Long COVID-19 Patients with Chronic Fatigue: FLALOC, a Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial
Levy Munguía et al., 2026 · Journal of Clinical Medicine
Anticancer potential of (−)-epicatechin in a triple-negative mammary gland model
Almaguer et al., 2021 · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology.
(−)-Epicatechin Inhibits Metastatic-Associated Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Murine Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro
Pérez-Durán et al., 2023 · Molecules
Characterization Of The Cytotoxic Effects Of The Combination Of Cisplatin And Flavanol (-)-Epicatechin On Human Lung Cancer Cell Line A549. An Isobolographic Approach
Varela-Castillo et al., 2018 · Experimental Oncology
Epicatechin limits renal injury by mitochondrial protection in cisplatin nephropathy
Tanabe et al., 2012 · American Journal of Physiology, Renal Physiology
Effects of (−)-Epicatechin on Myocardial Infarct Size and Left Ventricular Remodeling After Permanent Coronary Occlusion
Yamazaki et al., 2010 · Journal of the American College of Cardiology
(-)-Epicatechin was linked to reduced infarct size and more favorable left-ventricular remodeling.
(-)-Epicatechin-induced calcium independent eNOS activation: roles of HSP90 and AKT
Ramírez-Sánchez et al., 2012 · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
The study reports that (-)-epicatechin can activate eNOS through a calcium-independent pathway involving HSP90 and AKT, offering a plausible endothelial mechanism for vascular benefit.
Stimulatory effects of the flavanol (-)-epicatechin on cardiac angiogenesis: Additive effects with exercise
Ramírez-Sánchez et al., 2012 · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology
This paper found that (-)-epicatechin stimulated cardiac angiogenesis-related responses, and those effects were additive when combined with exercise.
Cardiometabolic Alterations in Wistar Rats Induced By an ObesogenicPaigen-Like Diet: Effects of (-) Epicatechin
Gutiérrez-Salmeán et al., 2014 · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism
In a rat model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome features, (-)-epicatechin attenuated multiple cardiometabolic disturbances induced by the obesogenic Paigen-like diet.
The cardioprotective effects of (-)-Epicatechin are mediated through arginase activity inhibition in a murine model of ischemia/reperfusion
Ortiz-Vilchis et al., 2018 · European Journal of Pharmacology
This study links cardioprotection during ischemia/reperfusion to arginase inhibition, suggesting one specific enzymatic pathway by which (-)-epicatechin may help preserve tissue.
Intravenous (-)-epicatechin reduces myocardial ischemic injury by protecting mitochondrial function
Yamazaki et al., 2014 · International Journal of Cardiology
In an acute myocardial ischemia setting, intravenous (-)-epicatechin reduced injury, with the paper pointing to mitochondrial protection as a central mechanism.
Short- and long-term effects of (−)-epicatechin on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
Yamazaki et al., 2008 · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology
This study examined both immediate and longer-term effects of (-)-epicatechin in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, reporting benefit across both time windows.