Peer-Reviewed Papers

Explore published research on mitochondrial function, cellular energy, (-)-epicatechin, vascular biology, and related metabolic pathways. Browse by specialization below to quickly find the papers most relevant to your interests.

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Improving Cardiovascular Risk in Postmenopausal Women with an (−)-Epicatechin-Based Nutraceutical: A Randomly Assigned, Double-Blind vs. Placebo, Proof-of-Concept Trial

Nájera et al., 2024 · Journal of Clinical Medicine.

Co-administration of the flavanol (-)-epicatechin with doxycyclinesynergistically reduces infarct size in a model of ischemia reperfusioninjury by inhibition of mitochondrial swelling

Ortiz-Vilchis et al., 2014 · European Journal of Pharmacology

The beneficial vascular effects of cacao flavanols: having your cakeand eating it too

Ceballos & Villarreal, 2011 · Journal of Applied Physiology.

Enhancement of Statin Effects on Lipid Lowering and Reduction of Cardiovascular Risk Score by (−)‐Epicatechin in Proof‐of‐Concept Pilot Study

Ormiston et al., 2025 · Clinical and Translational Science

Effects of (−)-Epicatechin on Myocardial Infarct Size and Left Ventricular Remodeling After Permanent Coronary Occlusion

Yamazaki et al., 2010 · Journal of the American College of Cardiology
(-)-Epicatechin was linked to reduced infarct size and more favorable left-ventricular remodeling.

(-)-Epicatechin-induced calcium independent eNOS activation: roles of HSP90 and AKT

Ramírez-Sánchez et al., 2012 · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
The study reports that (-)-epicatechin can activate eNOS through a calcium-independent pathway involving HSP90 and AKT, offering a plausible endothelial mechanism for vascular benefit.

Stimulatory effects of the flavanol (-)-epicatechin on cardiac angiogenesis: Additive effects with exercise

Ramírez-Sánchez et al., 2012 · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology
This paper found that (-)-epicatechin stimulated cardiac angiogenesis-related responses, and those effects were additive when combined with exercise.

Cardiometabolic Alterations in Wistar Rats Induced By an ObesogenicPaigen-Like Diet: Effects of (-) Epicatechin

Gutiérrez-Salmeán et al., 2014 · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism
In a rat model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome features, (-)-epicatechin attenuated multiple cardiometabolic disturbances induced by the obesogenic Paigen-like diet.

The cardioprotective effects of (-)-Epicatechin are mediated through arginase activity inhibition in a murine model of ischemia/reperfusion

Ortiz-Vilchis et al., 2018 · European Journal of Pharmacology
This study links cardioprotection during ischemia/reperfusion to arginase inhibition, suggesting one specific enzymatic pathway by which (-)-epicatechin may help preserve tissue.

Intravenous (-)-epicatechin reduces myocardial ischemic injury by protecting mitochondrial function

Yamazaki et al., 2014 · International Journal of Cardiology
In an acute myocardial ischemia setting, intravenous (-)-epicatechin reduced injury, with the paper pointing to mitochondrial protection as a central mechanism.

Short- and long-term effects of (−)-epicatechin on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury

Yamazaki et al., 2008 · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology
This study examined both immediate and longer-term effects of (-)-epicatechin in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, reporting benefit across both time windows.

Improving Cardiovascular Risk in Postmenopausal Women with an (−)-Epicatechin-Based Nutraceutical: A Randomly Assigned, Double-Blind vs. Placebo, Proof-of-Concept Trial

Nájera et al., 2023 · Journal of Clinical Medicine
This proof-of-concept human trial reported improvement in cardiovascular risk markers in postmenopausal women using an epicatechin-enriched nutraceutical versus placebo.

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